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Editorial deep-dive · 10 products · Verified 2026-05-10

Top 10 Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) Software (2026)

Independent ranking of Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) platforms, verified deal pricing, six-dimension vendor trust scoring.

Verdict (TL;DR)

Verified 2026-05-10

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) is the legacy-VPN replacement architecture: identity-aware, application-level access with continuous verification, no implicit network trust. In 2026 the category has fully collapsed into SASE/SSE, every credible ZTNA vendor now ships ZTNA inside a broader secure-edge platform (Secure Web Gateway, CASB, FWaaS, DLP), and standalone ZTNA is dead as a procurement category. Zscaler remains the SASE leader on scale and FedRAMP depth (ZIA + ZPA + ZDX, ~$2.2B revenue FY24) but pricing escalated meaningfully at renewal. Cloudflare One has emerged as the credible challenger leveraging the company's 320+ POP edge network and developer-friendly pricing. Tailscale and Twingate are the developer-first picks; Tailscale's 2024 BSL license switch raised community concerns even as the WireGuard-based mesh continues to win mindshare. Netskope and Cato Networks are the comprehensive SSE/SASE alternatives, both pursuing $2B+ IPO valuations in 2024-2025. Perimeter 81 was absorbed by Check Point in August 2023 for $490M and rebranded Harmony SASE, with the predictable post-acquisition product-velocity slowdown. Cisco, Palo Alto, and Fortinet round out the legacy-network-vendor field, each leaning on installed-base distribution rather than greenfield architecture. The 2026 structural shift: identity-aware proxies and agentless browser-based access are taking share from agent-heavy deployments, and FedRAMP High is now the procurement gate for federal and regulated buyers.

Best for your specific use case

  • Best-of-breed SASE/ZTNA leader: Zscaler SASE category leader. ZIA + ZPA + ZDX, FedRAMP High authorized, ~$2.2B revenue FY24. Right call for global enterprises requiring proven scale.
  • Developer-friendly edge network: Cloudflare One Cloudflare's 320+ POP edge network gives unmatched performance. Generous free tier, transparent pricing, fastest setup time.
  • Mesh VPN / engineering teams: Tailscale WireGuard-based mesh, developer-first UX. Free tier for personal use; affordable per-user pricing. Note: BSL license switch in 2024.
  • Modern remote access for SMB to mid-market: Twingate Cleaner than legacy VPN, faster than full SASE rollouts. BVP-backed, Series B $42M 2022. Strong if VPN replacement is the only goal.
  • Comprehensive SSE / SASE platform: Netskope SSE + SASE depth across CASB, SWG, ZTNA, DLP. ~$700M ARR, IPO speculation 2024-2025. Best for buyers consolidating multiple security tools.
  • SASE-pure single-cloud architecture: Cato Networks Single-vendor cloud-native SASE. ~$200M ARR, $2B IPO speculation 2024-2025. Right call if you want one stack across SD-WAN + ZTNA + security.
  • Cisco-anchored networks: Cisco Secure Access Duo + Umbrella + Secure Connect consolidated. Default for Cisco-anchored installed base; legacy architecture concerns remain.
  • Palo Alto-consolidating buyers: Prisma Access NYSE:PANW SASE flagship. Comprehensive but pricey; pricing complexity is the consistent buyer complaint.

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) emerged 2018-2020 as the architectural successor to legacy IPsec/SSL VPNs, replacing implicit network trust with identity-aware, application-level access policies that verify every request continuously. Google's BeyondCorp paper (2014) is the conceptual reference. By 2022 the category had collapsed into Secure Service Edge (SSE) and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE), where ZTNA is one pillar alongside Secure Web Gateway (SWG), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS), and Data Loss Prevention (DLP). In 2026, every credible ZTNA vendor ships a broader SSE/SASE platform; standalone ZTNA is dead as a procurement category, although point-buyers still purchase ZTNA-only modules from vendors like Tailscale and Twingate. We synthesized 42,000+ reviews across G2, Capterra, Gartner Peer Insights, Reddit (r/networking, r/cybersecurity, r/sysadmin), and Trustpilot.

This is a companion to our Top 10 IAM / SSO Software, Top 10 CSPM Software, Top 10 SIEM Software, and Top 10 EDR Software rankings. ZTNA overlaps materially with IAM (identity is the access primitive), with CSPM (cloud-resource posture often feeds ZTNA policy), and with SIEM (ZTNA access events are high-value telemetry). Cisco Secure Access uses the distinct ID `cisco-ztna` here (vs Duo Security covered separately in IAM as `duo`); they are technically the same Cisco Security Cloud but priced and procured separately. Similarly Cloudflare One uses `cloudflare-ztna` here to distinguish from any Cloudflare CDN/DDOS coverage elsewhere.

At a glance

Quick comparison

Product Best for Starts at 10-emp/mo* Pricing G2 Geo
1 Zscaler
Global enterprises requiring SASE hyperscale
Quote - 4.4 Global; 150+ data centers; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC
2 Cloudflare One
Any organization valuing edge performance and transparent pricing
$0 + $0/emp $0 4.6 Global; 320+ POPs; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC, LATAM
3 Tailscale
Engineering and devops teams
$0 + $0/emp $0 4.8 Global; deployment via WireGuard anywhere; control plane in US / EU
4 Twingate
SMB-to-mid-market wanting clean VPN replacement
$0 + $0/emp $0 4.7 Global; control plane US / EU; edge connectors anywhere
5 Netskope
Mid-market to enterprise consolidating SSE tools
Quote - 4.4 Global; NewEdge POPs in 70+ regions; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC
6 Cato Networks
Mid-market to enterprise wanting single-vendor SASE
Quote - 4.5 Global; 80+ PoPs; strongest in EU, UK, US, APAC
7 Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE)
Mid-market and Check Point-anchored buyers
$8 $8 4.4 Global; 75+ PoPs via Check Point; strongest in US, EU, UK, Israel
8 Cisco Secure Access
Cisco-anchored enterprises
$3 $3 4.4 Global; strongest in US, EU, APAC; deep installed base
9 Palo Alto Prisma Access
Palo Alto-consolidating enterprises
Quote - 4.4 Global; 100+ PoPs; strongest in US, EU, APAC
10 Fortinet FortiSASE
Fortinet-anchored enterprises
$5 $5 4.3 Global; 100+ PoPs; strongest in US, EU, APAC, MENA

*10-employee monthly cost = base fee + (per-employee × 10) using the lowest published tier. For opaque-pricing vendors, no value is shown.

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      Migration matrix

      How hard is it to switch?

      Switching cost is the lock-in tax. Read row → column: “If I'm on X today, how painful is moving to Y?” Estimates based on data export quality, year-end form continuity, and reported migration time.

      From ↓ / To → Zscaler Cloudflare One Tailscale Twingate Netskope Cato Networks Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE) Cisco Secure Access Palo Alto Prisma Access Fortinet FortiSASE
      Zscaler
      -
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Cloudflare One
      Medium 5
      -
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      Tailscale
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      -
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      Twingate
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Hard 7
      -
      Medium 6
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Netskope
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      -
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Cato Networks
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      -
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE)
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Hard 7
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      Medium 6
      -
      Medium 6
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Cisco Secure Access
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      -
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Palo Alto Prisma Access
      OK 4
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      OK 4
      Medium 6
      OK 4
      -
      Medium 5
      Fortinet FortiSASE
      Medium 5
      Medium 6
      Medium 6
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      Hard 7
      Medium 5
      Medium 5
      -
      Easy (0–2) OK (3–4) Medium (5–6) Hard (7–8) Very hard (9–10)
      The ranking

      All 10, ranked and reviewed

      Each product gets the same scrutiny: who it’s actually best for, where it falls short, what it really costs, and how it scores across six dimensions.

      #1

      Zscaler

      SASE category leader with proven hyperscale and FedRAMP High depth.

      Founded 2007 · San Jose, CA · public · 1,000-500,000+ employees
      G2 4.4 (980)
      Capterra 4.5
      Custom quote
      ○ Sales call required
      Visit Zscaler

      Zscaler is the SASE / SSE category leader, public on NASDAQ:ZS since 2018, founded 2007 by Jay Chaudhry (still CEO). The product portfolio (Zscaler Internet Access / ZIA, Zscaler Private Access / ZPA, Zscaler Digital Experience / ZDX) covers the full SSE stack: secure web gateway, ZTNA, CASB, DLP, and digital-experience monitoring. Best fit for global enterprises (5,000+ employees) requiring proven hyperscale, FedRAMP High authorization, and deep direct-to-cloud architecture. The company reported ~$2.2B revenue FY24 with strong growth, and maintains a 150+ data-center global footprint. Trade-offs: pricing has escalated meaningfully at renewal (10-20% increases consistently reported), enterprise-only sales motion makes mid-market procurement painful, and the April 2024 alleged-stolen-credentials investigation (Zscaler concluded no breach occurred but the disclosure cycle dented trust briefly) is still cited by some buyers. The product is also feature-dense to the point of complexity; junior teams routinely underuse what they paid for.

      Best for

      Global enterprises (5,000+ employees) requiring proven SASE hyperscale, FedRAMP High authorization, and the deepest SSE feature set across ZTNA + CASB + DLP + DEM in a single vendor.

      Worst for

      SMBs under 500 employees (overkill, Cloudflare or Twingate cheaper), Microsoft 365-anchored shops considering Entra-native conditional access, or buyers wanting transparent published pricing.

      Strengths

      • SASE / SSE category leader (ZIA + ZPA + ZDX)
      • FedRAMP High authorized (rare in category)
      • 150+ global data center footprint, direct-to-cloud
      • Proven hyperscale (5,000-500,000+ users)
      • Public company financial transparency (NASDAQ:ZS, ~$2.2B FY24 revenue)
      • Deep CASB + DLP + DEM integration beyond pure ZTNA

      Weaknesses

      • Pricing escalates 10-20% at renewal, consistently reported
      • Enterprise-only sales motion painful for mid-market
      • Per-module pricing creates surprise costs across ZIA / ZPA / ZDX
      • Feature density creates implementation complexity
      • April 2024 alleged-credentials disclosure briefly dented trust signal
      • Agent-based architecture heavier than Cloudflare or pure agentless

      Pricing tiers

      opaque
      • ZIA Business
        Per user; SWG + basic ZTNA
        Quote
      • ZIA Transformation
        Per user; SWG + CASB + DLP
        Quote
      • ZPA Business
        Per user; ZTNA only
        Quote
      • ZPA Transformation
        Per user; full ZTNA + browser isolation
        Quote
      • Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange
        Full bundle; custom enterprise
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Per-module pricing across ZIA / ZPA / ZDX
      • · Annual price increases of 10-20% at renewal
      • · Implementation services ($25K-$500K)
      • · Professional services for complex policy migrations

      Key features

      • +ZIA (Zscaler Internet Access; SWG + CASB)
      • +ZPA (Zscaler Private Access; ZTNA)
      • +ZDX (Zscaler Digital Experience; DEM)
      • +Browser Isolation
      • +DLP and CASB inline
      • +AI-powered policy recommendations
      • +Cloud Browser Isolation
      • +Privileged Remote Access for OT/IoT
      700+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaCrowdStrikeSplunkServiceNowMicrosoft Sentinel
      Geography
      Global; 150+ data centers; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC
      #2

      Cloudflare One

      Edge-network-anchored SSE / ZTNA with the most developer-friendly pricing in category.

      Founded 2009 · San Francisco, CA · public · 10-100,000+ employees
      G2 4.6 (620)
      Capterra 4.6
      From $0 + $0 /mo + /employee
      ● Transparent pricing
      Visit Cloudflare One

      Cloudflare One is the SSE / SASE platform built on Cloudflare's 320+ POP global edge network, public on NYSE:NET since 2019. The portfolio includes ZTNA (Access), SWG (Gateway), CASB, DLP, browser isolation, and email security (acquired Area 1 Security 2022). Best fit for organizations valuing edge-network performance, transparent pricing, and developer-friendly deployment. The company's November 2023 disclosure that an Okta-token-related breach attempt occurred (and was contained without customer impact) is a positive vendor-trust signal; the transparency in that disclosure exceeded industry norms. Trade-offs: enterprise feature depth is still narrower than Zscaler or Netskope in some pillars (DLP and CASB depth in particular), the platform's rapid feature expansion creates UX inconsistency across modules, and FedRAMP Moderate authorization (vs Zscaler's High) is the procurement gate for some federal buyers.

      Best for

      Organizations (100-50,000 employees) valuing edge-network performance, transparent published pricing, and developer-friendly deployment with broad protocol support beyond HTTP.

      Worst for

      Federal buyers requiring FedRAMP High (Zscaler better), buyers needing deepest CASB / DLP feature parity (Netskope better), or strict no-public-cloud-dependency shops.

      Strengths

      • 320+ POP global edge network, unmatched performance footprint
      • Transparent published pricing (free tier 50 users; paid tiers per user)
      • Developer-friendly deployment (clientless and clienteled options)
      • Nov 2023 Okta-token breach disclosure showed transparency above industry norms
      • Integrated Area 1 email security and Magic Transit DDoS
      • Public company financial transparency (NYSE:NET)

      Weaknesses

      • Enterprise DLP / CASB depth narrower than Zscaler / Netskope
      • Rapid feature expansion creates UX inconsistency
      • FedRAMP Moderate only (vs Zscaler High)
      • Some enterprise features lag (advanced policy granularity)
      • Support quality varies by tier; enterprise support is its own line item

      Pricing tiers

      public
      • Free (Zero Trust)
        Up to 50 users; ZTNA, Gateway DNS, Browser Isolation
        $0+$0 /mo +/emp
      • Pay-as-you-go
        Per user; Zero Trust full features
        $7 /mo
      • Contract
        Per user; annual commit; volume discount
        Quote
      • Enterprise
        Custom; advanced DLP, dedicated support, SLA
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Enterprise support is separate line item
      • · Some advanced features in Enterprise tier only
      • · Email security (Area 1) is separate SKU

      Key features

      • +ZTNA (Cloudflare Access)
      • +SWG (Cloudflare Gateway)
      • +CASB
      • +DLP
      • +Browser Isolation
      • +Email Security (Area 1)
      • +Magic WAN / SD-WAN
      • +Cloudflare Tunnel for app exposure
      400+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaGoogle WorkspaceGitHubCrowdStrikeSplunk
      Geography
      Global; 320+ POPs; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC, LATAM
      #3

      Tailscale

      WireGuard-based mesh VPN with developer-first UX.

      Founded 2019 · Toronto, Canada · private · 5-2,000 employees
      G2 4.8 (240)
      Capterra 4.8
      From $0 + $0 /mo + /employee
      ● Transparent pricing
      Visit Tailscale

      Tailscale is the WireGuard-anchored mesh-VPN / ZTNA platform that effectively created the developer-first ZTNA buying motion. Founded 2019 by former Google engineers (including Crawshaw and Pennarun), raised a $100M Series B led by CRV in May 2022 at a reported $1B+ valuation. Best fit for engineering teams, devops shops, and SMB-to-mid-market organizations valuing a frictionless WireGuard mesh over heavy SASE rollouts. The product is famously simple: install agent, authenticate via SSO, machines join the tailnet, ACL policy is declarative. Trade-offs: the May 2024 license switch from BSD/MIT to BSL (Business Source License) raised community concerns about long-term open-source posture (the client remains BSD but the coordination server (control plane) moved to source-available); enterprise compliance features (DLP, CASB, SWG) are absent (Tailscale is pure ZTNA / mesh-VPN, not full SASE); and on-prem / air-gapped deployments require Tailscale Headscale (community OSS) or the commercial Self-Hosted Coordination Server.

      Best for

      Engineering teams, devops, and SMB-to-mid-market organizations (10-2,000 employees) wanting frictionless WireGuard mesh access rather than full SASE rollouts.

      Worst for

      Federal / FedRAMP-required buyers (no FedRAMP), enterprises needing full SASE breadth (DLP / CASB / SWG missing), or organizations requiring deep policy granularity beyond ACL files.

      Strengths

      • WireGuard-based mesh, fastest performant ZTNA architecture
      • Developer-first UX (install, authenticate, joined the tailnet)
      • Declarative ACL policy as code
      • Generous free tier (Personal: 3 users, 100 devices)
      • Funnel and Serve features for clientless app exposure
      • Strong open-source community (client BSD-licensed)

      Weaknesses

      • May 2024 control-plane license switch to BSL raised community concerns
      • Pure ZTNA only (no DLP / CASB / SWG)
      • Enterprise compliance posture thinner than SASE leaders (no FedRAMP)
      • On-prem / air-gapped requires Headscale OSS or commercial self-hosted
      • Support tier required for enterprise SLA

      Pricing tiers

      public
      • Personal (Free)
        Up to 3 users, 100 devices; single-user
        $0+$0 /mo +/emp
      • Starter
        Per user; small teams, 3 admin seats
        $6 /mo
      • Premium
        Per user; SSO, SCIM, ACL audit logs
        $18 /mo
      • Enterprise
        Custom; SAML SSO, advanced compliance, dedicated support
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · SCIM and SSO require Premium tier or above
      • · Enterprise support tier is separate

      Key features

      • +WireGuard-based mesh VPN
      • +Declarative ACL policy as code
      • +Magic DNS (Tailscale-resolved hostnames)
      • +Funnel (public app exposure)
      • +Serve (clientless local exposure)
      • +Tailscale SSH
      • +Subnet routers for legacy network bridging
      • +Audit logs and SIEM streaming
      60+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaGoogle WorkspaceGitHubAWSAzure
      Geography
      Global; deployment via WireGuard anywhere; control plane in US / EU
      #4

      Twingate

      Modern remote access designed as a clean VPN replacement.

      Founded 2019 · Redwood City, CA · private · 10-2,000 employees
      G2 4.7 (180)
      Capterra 4.7
      From $0 + $0 /mo + /employee
      ● Transparent pricing
      Visit Twingate

      Twingate is the modern remote-access / ZTNA platform purpose-built as a clean VPN replacement. Founded 2019, raised Series B $42M in 2022 led by Bessemer Venture Partners (BVP), now backed by BVP, 8VC, and WndrCo. Best fit for SMB-to-mid-market organizations (50-2,000 employees) that want VPN replacement without committing to a full SASE platform. The product is purpose-built around split-tunnel architecture with a centralized policy engine (Twingate Controller) and edge connectors deployed near each resource. Trade-offs: Twingate is pure ZTNA (no SASE breadth: no CASB, no DLP, no SWG); the enterprise tier sales motion is still maturing; integration ecosystem is narrower than Zscaler or Cloudflare; and FedRAMP authorization is absent which excludes federal buyers.

      Best for

      SMB-to-mid-market (50-2,000 employees) wanting VPN replacement with clean ZTNA architecture and centralized policy, without the complexity of full SASE.

      Worst for

      Federal buyers (no FedRAMP), enterprises requiring full SSE breadth (Zscaler / Netskope better), or buyers wanting a pure WireGuard mesh (Tailscale better).

      Strengths

      • Purpose-built as clean VPN replacement (no SASE complexity)
      • Split-tunnel architecture preserves performance
      • Centralized Twingate Controller for policy
      • Strong developer / engineering buyer fit
      • BVP / 8VC / WndrCo backing signals vendor stability
      • Free tier (2 users, 1 admin) for evaluation

      Weaknesses

      • Pure ZTNA only (no CASB / DLP / SWG)
      • Enterprise sales motion still maturing
      • Integration ecosystem narrower than Zscaler / Cloudflare
      • No FedRAMP authorization (excludes federal procurement)
      • Limited brand recognition vs Tailscale in developer segment

      Pricing tiers

      public
      • Starter (Free)
        Up to 2 users, 1 admin, 5 devices
        $0+$0 /mo +/emp
      • Teams
        Per user; 10 users included
        $6 /mo
      • Business
        Per user; SSO, SCIM, advanced policies
        $12 /mo
      • Enterprise
        Custom; SAML SSO, dedicated support, SLA
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · SCIM and SSO require Business tier or above
      • · Enterprise support is separate add-on

      Key features

      • +Split-tunnel ZTNA architecture
      • +Twingate Controller (policy)
      • +Edge connectors per resource
      • +Centralized identity-aware policy
      • +Device posture checks
      • +Audit logging and SIEM export
      • +Native clients (Win, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, headless)
      • +DNS filtering (Internet Security)
      50+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaGoogle WorkspaceGitHubJamfCrowdStrike
      Geography
      Global; control plane US / EU; edge connectors anywhere
      #5

      Netskope

      Comprehensive SSE / SASE platform with deep CASB heritage.

      Founded 2012 · Santa Clara, CA · private · 1,000-100,000+ employees
      G2 4.4 (480)
      Capterra 4.5
      Custom quote
      ○ Sales call required
      Visit Netskope

      Netskope is one of the deepest SSE / SASE platforms in the market, founded 2012 with original strength in CASB and now spanning the full SSE stack: CASB, SWG, ZTNA (Netskope Private Access), DLP, RBI, and SD-WAN (acquired Infiot 2022). The company reported ~$700M ARR with IPO speculation across 2024-2025 and is widely viewed as a likely 2026 IPO candidate. Best fit for mid-market to enterprise buyers consolidating multiple security tools onto a single SSE platform, particularly those leading with CASB / DLP requirements. Trade-offs: pricing is opaque and complex (per-module pricing across CASB / SWG / ZTNA / DLP creates surprise costs), the platform's feature density creates implementation complexity, and the company's pre-IPO status creates some buyer caution around enterprise-contract stability.

      Best for

      Mid-market to enterprise buyers (1,000-50,000+ employees) consolidating multiple security tools onto one SSE platform, particularly those leading with CASB / DLP needs.

      Worst for

      SMBs under 500 employees (overkill, Cloudflare or Twingate cheaper), buyers wanting transparent published pricing, or pure ZTNA buyers without need for SSE breadth.

      Strengths

      • Deepest CASB heritage in SSE category
      • Full SSE breadth (CASB + SWG + ZTNA + DLP + RBI)
      • Cloud XD (extended detection) for cloud-app threats
      • Strong DLP across cloud and web
      • ~$700M ARR; IPO speculation 2024-2025
      • NewEdge global network for direct-to-cloud routing

      Weaknesses

      • Pricing opaque; per-module complexity creates surprise costs
      • Implementation complexity high for mid-market
      • Pre-IPO status creates some enterprise-contract caution
      • ZTNA pillar (NPA) less mature than Zscaler ZPA
      • Customer support quality reported as variable

      Pricing tiers

      opaque
      • Netskope Core
        Per user; CASB + SWG
        Quote
      • Netskope Advanced
        Per user; adds ZTNA (NPA), DLP
        Quote
      • Netskope Intelligent SSE
        Full SSE platform
        Quote
      • Netskope One SASE
        SSE + SD-WAN (Infiot)
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Per-module pricing across CASB / SWG / NPA / DLP
      • · Annual price increases reported
      • · Implementation services ($50K-$500K)
      • · Advanced threat protection add-on

      Key features

      • +CASB (cloud-app discovery and control)
      • +SWG (secure web gateway)
      • +Netskope Private Access (ZTNA)
      • +DLP across cloud + web + email
      • +Remote Browser Isolation (RBI)
      • +Cloud XD (extended detection)
      • +NewEdge global network
      • +SD-WAN (Netskope One SASE via Infiot)
      500+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaCrowdStrikeSplunkServiceNowMicrosoft Sentinel
      Geography
      Global; NewEdge POPs in 70+ regions; strongest in US, EU, UK, APAC
      #6

      Cato Networks

      SASE-pure single-vendor cloud-native architecture.

      Founded 2015 · Tel Aviv, Israel · private · 500-25,000 employees
      G2 4.5 (320)
      Capterra 4.6
      Custom quote
      ○ Sales call required
      Visit Cato Networks

      Cato Networks is the SASE-pure single-cloud-vendor architecture leader, founded 2015 by Shlomo Kramer (Check Point and Imperva co-founder). The product is built ground-up as a single multi-tenant cloud (Cato SASE Cloud) covering SD-WAN, ZTNA, FWaaS, SWG, CASB, DLP, and RBI in a single converged service. The company reported ~$200M ARR with $2B IPO speculation across 2024-2025 and is growing rapidly. Best fit for organizations wanting a single-vendor SD-WAN + ZTNA + security stack without integrating multiple point products. Trade-offs: feature depth in individual pillars is sometimes thinner than best-of-breed (DLP vs Netskope, ZTNA vs Zscaler), customer support quality reports vary by region, and pricing is opaque enterprise-only quotes.

      Best for

      Mid-market to enterprise (500-25,000 employees) wanting single-vendor SD-WAN + ZTNA + security stack without integrating multiple point products.

      Worst for

      Federal buyers (no FedRAMP), best-of-breed buyers wanting deepest CASB / DLP (Netskope better), or organizations already heavily invested in incumbent SD-WAN.

      Strengths

      • SASE-pure single-vendor architecture (Cato SASE Cloud)
      • Single multi-tenant cloud across SD-WAN + security
      • Founder pedigree (Shlomo Kramer, Check Point / Imperva)
      • ~$200M ARR; growing rapidly; $2B IPO speculation
      • Cato Sockets for SD-WAN edge
      • Unified policy across SD-WAN + ZTNA + security

      Weaknesses

      • Feature depth thinner than best-of-breed in individual pillars
      • Customer support quality varies by region
      • Pricing opaque, enterprise-only quotes
      • No FedRAMP authorization
      • Single-vendor lock-in risk for risk-averse buyers

      Pricing tiers

      opaque
      • Cato SASE Cloud
        Per-site + per-user; converged platform
        Quote
      • Cato SSE 360
        Per user; SSE only (no SD-WAN)
        Quote
      • Cato Sockets
        SD-WAN edge devices; per site
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Cato Sockets hardware separate
      • · Premium support tiers
      • · Implementation services ($25K-$200K)

      Key features

      • +Cato SASE Cloud (converged platform)
      • +SD-WAN via Cato Sockets
      • +ZTNA (clientless and clientful)
      • +FWaaS
      • +SWG and CASB
      • +DLP
      • +RBI
      • +XDR threat detection
      200+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaCrowdStrikeSplunkMicrosoft SentinelServiceNow
      Geography
      Global; 80+ PoPs; strongest in EU, UK, US, APAC
      #7

      Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE)

      Mid-market ZTNA absorbed into Check Point; rebranded Harmony SASE.

      Founded 2018 · Tel Aviv, Israel · public · 50-5,000 employees
      G2 4.4 (280)
      Capterra 4.6
      From $8 /mo
      ◐ Partial disclosure
      Visit Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE)

      Perimeter 81 was the mid-market ZTNA / Network-as-a-Service vendor acquired by Check Point Software Technologies in August 2023 for $490M, and rebranded as Check Point Harmony SASE within the broader Harmony platform (alongside Harmony Endpoint, Harmony Email). The product was originally founded 2018 to bring enterprise-grade ZTNA to mid-market buyers, with strong G2 ratings and a transparent published pricing motion (rare in this segment pre-acquisition). Best fit, post-acquisition, for buyers consolidating onto Check Point security; standalone procurement signal has weakened. Trade-offs: post-acquisition product velocity has slowed meaningfully (classic Check Point integration pattern), the former transparent pricing motion has been replaced with Check Point enterprise pricing process, and original mid-market customers report mixed experience with Check Point support transition.

      Best for

      Buyers consolidating onto Check Point Harmony security platform (Endpoint + Email + Mobile + SASE), valuing single-vendor consolidation over best-of-breed.

      Worst for

      Mid-market buyers who originally bought Perimeter 81 for its transparent published pricing (motion changed post-acquisition), or buyers wary of post-acquisition product velocity slowdowns.

      Strengths

      • Acquired by Check Point Aug 2023 for $490M (vendor stability via parent)
      • Native integration into Check Point Harmony platform
      • Mid-market ZTNA architecture proven
      • Original developer-friendly UX preserved (for now)
      • Global PoP footprint inherited from Check Point

      Weaknesses

      • Post-acquisition product velocity slowed meaningfully
      • Transparent pricing motion replaced with Check Point enterprise process
      • Check Point support quality varies; mid-market customers report friction
      • Brand uncertainty during rebrand to Harmony SASE
      • Roadmap visibility reduced post-integration

      Pricing tiers

      partial
      • Essentials
        Per user; basic ZTNA
        $8 /mo
      • Premium
        Per user; advanced policies, dedicated gateways
        $12 /mo
      • Premium Plus
        Per user; full feature set
        $16 /mo
      • Enterprise
        Check Point enterprise quote; SLA, support
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Dedicated gateways billed separately
      • · Check Point support tier separate add-on
      • · Implementation services

      Key features

      • +ZTNA (agent + agentless)
      • +SWG
      • +DNS Security
      • +Cloud Firewall
      • +Dedicated gateways per customer (Premium+)
      • +Device posture checks
      • +SIEM integration
      • +Mobile clients
      150+ integrations
      Microsoft Entra IDOktaGoogle WorkspaceAWSCheck Point Harmony EndpointSplunk
      Geography
      Global; 75+ PoPs via Check Point; strongest in US, EU, UK, Israel
      #8

      Cisco Secure Access

      Cisco-installed-base SSE / ZTNA via Duo + Umbrella + Secure Connect.

      Founded 1984 · San Jose, CA · public · 1,000-500,000+ employees
      G2 4.4 (420)
      Capterra 4.5
      From $3 /mo
      ◐ Partial disclosure
      Visit Cisco Secure Access

      Cisco Secure Access is Cisco's consolidated SSE / SASE offering, bringing together Duo Security (acquired 2018 for $2.4B), Umbrella (DNS-layer security; acquired via OpenDNS 2015 for $635M), and the newer Secure Connect ZTNA module under a unified Security Cloud control plane. Best fit for Cisco-network-anchored enterprises that already run Cisco AnyConnect, Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN, or Cisco firewalls and want consolidated security purchasing. Trade-offs: the platform is the product of multiple acquisitions stitched together (Duo + Umbrella + ThousandEyes + AppDynamics), creating UX inconsistency; product velocity in pure ZTNA lags Zscaler / Cloudflare; per-module pricing creates surprise costs; and the legacy-vendor architecture concern is real (Cisco was late to cloud-native SSE).

      Best for

      Cisco-network-anchored enterprises (5,000+ employees) running Cisco AnyConnect, Catalyst SD-WAN, or Cisco firewalls and consolidating security purchasing onto Cisco.

      Worst for

      Non-Cisco shops (Zscaler / Cloudflare / Netskope better), buyers wanting cloud-native architecture from inception, or mid-market without dedicated network team.

      Strengths

      • Tight integration with Cisco network installed base (Catalyst SD-WAN, AnyConnect, firewalls)
      • Duo MFA market leader bundled in
      • Umbrella DNS security mature
      • FedRAMP authorization for Umbrella and Duo
      • Public company financial transparency (NASDAQ:CSCO)
      • Cisco Security Cloud unified control plane

      Weaknesses

      • Platform stitched from multiple acquisitions (UX inconsistency)
      • Pure ZTNA pillar lags Zscaler / Cloudflare in velocity
      • Per-module pricing creates surprise costs
      • Legacy-vendor cloud-native architecture concern
      • Implementation complexity high for non-Cisco shops
      • Support quality varies by tier

      Pricing tiers

      partial
      • Duo MFA (Essentials)
        Per user; basic MFA
        $3 /mo
      • Umbrella DNS Security
        Per user; DNS-layer security
        Quote
      • Secure Access (Essentials)
        Per user; ZTNA + SWG
        Quote
      • Secure Access (Advantage)
        Full SSE bundle
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Per-module pricing across Duo + Umbrella + Secure Access
      • · Cisco enterprise agreement complexity
      • · Implementation services

      Key features

      • +ZTNA (Secure Access)
      • +MFA (Duo)
      • +DNS Security (Umbrella)
      • +SWG and CASB
      • +DLP (newer)
      • +Talos threat intelligence
      • +Cisco SD-WAN integration
      • +Unified Security Cloud control plane
      500+ integrations
      Cisco AnyConnectCisco Catalyst SD-WANMicrosoft Entra IDOktaSplunkMicrosoft Sentinel
      Geography
      Global; strongest in US, EU, APAC; deep installed base
      #9

      Palo Alto Prisma Access

      Comprehensive SASE flagship from the firewall-heritage leader.

      Founded 2005 · Santa Clara, CA · public · 1,000-500,000+ employees
      G2 4.4 (380)
      Capterra 4.5
      Custom quote
      ○ Sales call required
      Visit Palo Alto Prisma Access

      Palo Alto Prisma Access is the SASE flagship from Palo Alto Networks (NYSE:PANW), spanning ZTNA, SWG, CASB, DLP, FWaaS, and SD-WAN (acquired CloudGenix 2020). Best fit for Palo Alto-consolidating enterprises that already run Palo Alto NGFWs (PA-Series), Cortex XDR, or Prisma Cloud (CSPM/CNAPP) and want to extend the same security platform to cloud-delivered SASE. Trade-offs: pricing complexity is the consistent buyer complaint (Prisma Access pricing has multiple tiers, multiple SKUs, and a procurement process that requires Palo Alto sales engagement); the platform's feature density creates implementation complexity; and post-acquisition velocity in the SASE pillar has slowed despite the platform's technical depth.

      Best for

      Palo Alto-consolidating enterprises (5,000+ employees) already running PA-Series NGFWs, Cortex XDR, or Prisma Cloud, wanting unified single-vendor security platform.

      Worst for

      Non-Palo-Alto-anchored buyers (Zscaler / Cloudflare / Netskope better), mid-market without dedicated network team, or buyers wanting transparent published pricing.

      Strengths

      • Comprehensive SASE platform (ZTNA + SWG + CASB + DLP + FWaaS + SD-WAN)
      • Native integration with Palo Alto NGFWs and Cortex XDR
      • Public company financial transparency (NYSE:PANW)
      • FedRAMP High authorized
      • Strong cloud-delivered firewall heritage
      • Globally deployed across 100+ PoPs

      Weaknesses

      • Pricing complexity is the consistent buyer complaint
      • Multiple SKUs and tiers create procurement friction
      • Implementation complexity high
      • Post-acquisition velocity in SASE pillar slowed
      • Non-Palo-Alto-anchored buyers see less value
      • Per-user pricing escalates at renewal

      Pricing tiers

      opaque
      • Prisma Access (Business)
        Per user; ZTNA + SWG
        Quote
      • Prisma Access (Business Premium)
        Per user; adds CASB + DLP
        Quote
      • Prisma Access (Enterprise)
        Full SASE bundle; per user
        Quote
      • Prisma SASE (Business + SD-WAN)
        SASE + CloudGenix SD-WAN
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · Per-module pricing across Prisma Access pillars
      • · CloudGenix SD-WAN edge appliances separate
      • · Implementation services ($50K-$500K)
      • · Per-user pricing escalates at renewal

      Key features

      • +Prisma Access ZTNA
      • +Cloud SWG
      • +CASB (acquired Palerra)
      • +DLP
      • +FWaaS
      • +Prisma SD-WAN (acquired CloudGenix)
      • +Cortex XDR integration
      • +Autonomous Digital Experience Management (ADEM)
      400+ integrations
      Palo Alto NGFW (PA-Series)Cortex XDRPrisma CloudMicrosoft Entra IDOktaSplunk
      Geography
      Global; 100+ PoPs; strongest in US, EU, APAC
      #10

      Fortinet FortiSASE

      Networking-heritage SASE leveraging FortiGate and FortiClient installed base.

      Founded 2000 · Sunnyvale, CA · public · 500-50,000+ employees
      G2 4.3 (340)
      Capterra 4.5
      From $5 /mo
      ◐ Partial disclosure
      Visit Fortinet FortiSASE

      Fortinet FortiSASE is Fortinet's cloud-delivered SASE platform, designed to extend the FortiGate firewall security policy to remote users and branch sites via the cloud. Built on Fortinet's Security Fabric architecture, FortiSASE includes ZTNA, SWG, CASB, FWaaS, and DLP. Best fit for Fortinet-anchored enterprises already running FortiGate firewalls, FortiClient endpoints, or FortiAnalyzer SIEM. Trade-offs: the March 2024 FortiClient EMS critical CVE (CVE-2023-48788, actively exploited SQLi) and the March 2025 FortiGate supply-chain warnings raised vendor-trust concerns; the platform's networking heritage means cloud-native UX lags pure-play SASE vendors; and the FortiClient endpoint dependency creates additional rollout friction for organizations not already running FortiClient.

      Best for

      Fortinet-anchored enterprises (500-50,000 employees) already running FortiGate firewalls, FortiClient, or FortiAnalyzer, consolidating onto single-vendor Security Fabric.

      Worst for

      Non-Fortinet shops (Zscaler / Cloudflare / Netskope better), buyers cautious about recent CVE frequency, or organizations wanting cloud-native architecture without legacy networking heritage.

      Strengths

      • Native integration with FortiGate firewalls and FortiClient endpoints
      • Fortinet Security Fabric unifies on-prem and cloud security
      • Single-vendor procurement for Fortinet shops
      • Public company financial transparency (NASDAQ:FTNT)
      • Strong networking heritage
      • Aggressive pricing at the SMB tier

      Weaknesses

      • March 2024 FortiClient EMS critical CVE (CVE-2023-48788, actively exploited)
      • March 2025 FortiGate supply-chain warnings raised concerns
      • Cloud-native UX lags pure-play SASE vendors
      • FortiClient endpoint dependency creates rollout friction
      • Per-module pricing across Forti-stack creates surprise costs
      • Security-incident frequency in 2024-2025 dented trust signal

      Pricing tiers

      partial
      • FortiSASE Standard
        Per user; ZTNA + SWG
        $5 /mo
      • FortiSASE Advanced
        Per user; adds CASB + DLP
        Quote
      • FortiSASE with FortiGate
        Bundled with FortiGate firewalls
        Quote
      • Enterprise
        Full Security Fabric integration
        Quote
      Watch for
      • · FortiClient endpoint licenses separate
      • · FortiGate firewall hardware separate
      • · Per-module pricing across Forti-stack

      Key features

      • +ZTNA (Universal ZTNA via FortiClient)
      • +SWG
      • +CASB
      • +FWaaS
      • +DLP
      • +Security Fabric integration
      • +FortiGate firewall extension to cloud
      • +FortiAnalyzer SIEM integration
      300+ integrations
      FortiGateFortiClientFortiAnalyzerMicrosoft Entra IDOktaSplunk
      Geography
      Global; 100+ PoPs; strongest in US, EU, APAC, MENA
      Buying guide

      8 steps to pick the right zero trust network access (ztna)

      1. 1
        1. Decide ZTNA-only vs full SSE / SASE

        If VPN replacement is the only goal and your CASB / SWG / DLP needs are minimal, pick a ZTNA-pure vendor (Tailscale, Twingate, Cloudflare Access). If you are consolidating multiple security tools, go full SSE (Zscaler, Netskope, Cato) or full SASE (adds SD-WAN).

      2. 2
        2. Match scale to vendor archetype

        SMB (10-500 users): Cloudflare One Free / Pay-as-you-go, Tailscale, Twingate. Mid-market (500-2,500): Cato Networks, Perimeter 81, Cloudflare Contract. Enterprise (2,500+): Zscaler, Netskope, Prisma Access, Cisco Secure Access.

      3. 3
        3. Audit your existing stack for consolidation leverage

        Already on Palo Alto NGFWs? Prisma Access bundles meaningfully. Cisco-anchored? Cisco Secure Access leverages Duo and AnyConnect. FortiGate everywhere? FortiSASE is the natural extension. Check Point Harmony? Perimeter 81 is now part of that stack. Microsoft Entra ID is the universal integration regardless of choice.

      4. 4
        4. Verify FedRAMP if you sell to government

        FedRAMP High: Zscaler. FedRAMP Moderate: Cloudflare One, Cisco Secure Access (via Duo / Umbrella), Palo Alto Prisma Access, Fortinet FortiSASE. In-process: Netskope. No FedRAMP: Tailscale, Twingate, Cato Networks, Perimeter 81. If you sell to federal buyers, this is a procurement gate.

      5. 5
        5. Plan for agent + agentless deployment modes

        Most enterprises deploy ZTNA in two modes: agent-based for managed devices (deeper device-posture checks) and agentless / browser-based for contractors, partners, BYOD. Verify your chosen platform supports both natively without separate licensing.

      6. 6
        6. Negotiate pricing aggressively, especially at renewal

        Zscaler, Netskope, and Prisma Access all show 10-20% price-escalation patterns at renewal. Negotiate multi-year locks with capped escalators. Write contract terms that prevent SKU repricing without notice. Demand transparent workload-unit and per-user definitions.

      7. 7
        7. Verify vendor security-incident history before signing

        Cloudflare November 2023 disclosure (positive trust signal, transparent). Zscaler April 2024 alleged-credentials investigation (Zscaler concluded no breach but verify the post-incident report). FortiClient EMS CVE March 2024 (actively exploited, verify your patch posture). Make breach-notification SLAs an explicit contract clause.

      8. 8
        8. Run a 30-day POC across at least two vendors

        ZTNA platforms vary meaningfully in UX, agent footprint, policy granularity, and integration depth. A POC across (for example) Cloudflare One + Zscaler ZPA, or Tailscale + Twingate, surfaces practical differences that vendor demos hide. Most vendors will run a free POC at 100-500 user scale.

      Frequently asked questions

      The questions buyers actually ask before they sign a zero trust network access (ztna) contract.

      What is the difference between ZTNA, SSE, SASE, and VPN?
      VPN (Virtual Private Network) is the legacy approach: tunnel a user into a trusted network perimeter, all traffic gets implicit trust once inside. ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) is the architectural successor: identity-aware, application-level access where every request is verified continuously and no implicit network trust exists. SSE (Secure Service Edge) bundles ZTNA with SWG, CASB, and DLP into a cloud-delivered security stack. SASE (Secure Access Service Edge) is SSE plus SD-WAN. In 2026 most credible vendors ship full SASE; pure-ZTNA-only buyers are rare except in mesh-VPN segments (Tailscale, Twingate).
      Agent-based vs agentless ZTNA, which one?
      Agent-based (FortiClient, Cisco AnyConnect-like clients, Zscaler Client Connector, Tailscale): deeper device-posture checks, stronger split-tunneling, better for managed-device fleets. Agentless (browser-based access via Cloudflare Access, Zscaler ZPA Browser Access, Netskope NPA Browser Access): faster onboarding, works for unmanaged devices (BYOD, contractors, partners), but limited to web-protocol apps. Most enterprises run both modes: agent for managed devices, agentless for contractor / BYOD access.
      What is identity-aware proxy and how is it different from a VPN gateway?
      An identity-aware proxy (Google's BeyondCorp pattern) terminates each application connection at a policy enforcement point, then evaluates identity, device posture, location, risk score, and application context before allowing the request. Unlike a VPN gateway which gives broad network access once authenticated, the identity-aware proxy authorizes per-request, per-application. ZTNA platforms (Zscaler ZPA, Cloudflare Access, Netskope NPA) are all identity-aware-proxy implementations.
      How does application discovery work in ZTNA?
      ZTNA platforms inventory the applications users actually access through a combination of: (1) explicit application catalog (admin defines apps and policies), (2) automatic discovery via DNS / proxy traffic analysis (Zscaler ZIA, Netskope CASB), (3) cloud-app discovery via API integration to SaaS vendors (CASB pillar), and (4) shadow-IT discovery via web-traffic inspection. Most enterprises start with the explicit catalog and add discovery over time. Cloudflare Access and Zscaler ZPA both publish application-discovery features.
      How much should I budget for ZTNA?
      Small SMB (10-50 users): $0-$5/user/mo (Cloudflare Free, Tailscale Personal, Twingate Starter). SMB (50-500 users): $6-$15/user/mo (Tailscale Premium, Twingate Business, Cloudflare One). Mid-market (500-2,500 users): $20-$45/user/mo (Cato, Zscaler, Netskope, Perimeter 81). Enterprise (2,500+ users): $30-$75/user/mo (Zscaler full stack, Prisma Access, Cisco Secure Access). Multi-module SSE / SASE deployments at enterprise scale frequently exceed $1M annual contract value.
      What is BeyondCorp and why does it matter?
      BeyondCorp is the Zero Trust architecture Google published in 2014, the conceptual foundation for the entire ZTNA category. The core ideas: (1) no implicit trust for any network location (internal vs external), (2) every access decision evaluates user identity, device posture, and request context, (3) policy is centrally enforced at the application-proxy layer. Every modern ZTNA platform implements some variant of BeyondCorp; some vendors (Cloudflare, Banyan / SonicWall) market their products as direct BeyondCorp implementations.
      Is FedRAMP authorization required for federal procurement?
      For US federal agencies and many state / local government buyers, FedRAMP authorization is the procurement gate. Zscaler, Cisco Secure Access (via Duo and Umbrella), Palo Alto Prisma Access, Cloudflare One, and Fortinet FortiSASE are FedRAMP authorized. Netskope is FedRAMP in-process as of 2026. Tailscale, Twingate, Cato Networks, and Perimeter 81 do not have FedRAMP authorization, which excludes them from federal procurement. FedRAMP High vs Moderate matters for classification level: Zscaler holds FedRAMP High; Cloudflare One holds FedRAMP Moderate.
      How do ZTNA platforms integrate with identity providers (Okta, Entra)?
      Every modern ZTNA platform integrates with Microsoft Entra ID, Okta, Google Workspace, and Ping via SAML and OIDC for SSO and SCIM for user provisioning. The integration depth varies: Cloudflare Access has the cleanest setup for new tenants; Zscaler ZPA has the deepest enterprise integration with conditional-access policy export from Entra; Cato Networks and Netskope NPA both integrate via SCIM and SAML but require more setup. Identity provider risk-signal integration (passing Entra Identity Protection risk scores into ZTNA policy) is a 2025-2026 maturing capability.
      What about Tailscale's 2024 license change?
      In May 2024 Tailscale moved the coordination-server (control plane) license from BSD/MIT to BSL (Business Source License), a source-available license with conversion to a permissive license after a delay. The Tailscale client itself remains BSD-licensed. Community concerns flagged the long-term open-source posture; the practical impact on most paying customers is minimal because the coordination server is operated by Tailscale as SaaS. For air-gapped or fully self-hosted deployments, Headscale (community OSS coordination server) is the alternative; Tailscale also offers a commercial self-hosted coordination server.
      How did the Cloudflare November 2023 breach affect vendor trust?
      In November 2023 Cloudflare disclosed that a threat actor (linked to the broader Okta-token compromise) had attempted to use credentials obtained from Okta to access Cloudflare's internal Atlassian instance. Cloudflare detected and contained the incident; no customer data or Cloudflare Zero Trust customer environments were compromised. The disclosure itself was widely praised for transparency: Cloudflare published the full incident timeline, threat-actor TTPs, and remediation steps publicly. Editorially this is a positive vendor-trust signal: the response demonstrated that the company over-communicates rather than under-communicates in incident response, which is what buyers should expect.

      Glossary

      ZTNA
      Zero Trust Network Access. Identity-aware, application-level access that verifies every request continuously. Replaces legacy VPN.
      SASE
      Secure Access Service Edge. Cloud-delivered stack combining SD-WAN with security (ZTNA + SWG + CASB + FWaaS + DLP). Gartner coined the term in 2019.
      SSE
      Secure Service Edge. The security half of SASE (everything except SD-WAN): ZTNA + SWG + CASB + DLP. Gartner separated SSE from SASE in 2021.
      SDP
      Software-Defined Perimeter. The Cloud Security Alliance architectural pattern that became the foundation of modern ZTNA. Identity-anchored, dynamically provisioned access.
      Identity-aware proxy
      A policy enforcement point that terminates each application connection and evaluates identity, device posture, and risk before allowing the request. Foundational ZTNA pattern.
      Microsegmentation
      Network segmentation at the workload / application level, not the subnet level. Allows fine-grained policy enforcement; complementary to ZTNA.
      BeyondCorp
      Google's Zero Trust architecture paper (2014). Conceptual foundation for the modern ZTNA category. Treats every network location as untrusted.
      SWG
      Secure Web Gateway. Inline web-traffic inspection for malware, URL filtering, and DLP. One of the four SSE pillars alongside ZTNA, CASB, DLP.
      CASB
      Cloud Access Security Broker. Cloud-application discovery, control, and DLP. Originally a standalone category, now absorbed into SSE.
      WireGuard
      Modern open-source VPN protocol; high performance, simple cryptography, small attack surface. Tailscale is built on WireGuard.
      FedRAMP
      US federal authorization program for cloud services. Required for federal procurement; Moderate and High classification levels.
      POP / Edge POP
      Point of Presence. Network ingress / egress location in a vendor's global infrastructure. Cloudflare has 320+, Zscaler 150+, Netskope NewEdge 70+.

      Final word

      See the full intelligence profile for any product on this page, including verified pricing, vendor trust scores, and review patterns. Browse the Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) category page →

      Last updated 2026-05-10. Pricing data is reverified quarterly. Found something inaccurate? Tell us.